NSObject的hash方法

說明
本示例僅僅演示一個對象什麼時候執行hash方法。
細節
1. 必要的Model類,重載了hash方法用以反映Hash方法是否被調用了


2. 測試
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
[model hash];
model = nil;
}
@end

3. 測試isEqual: 方法執行的時候是否會執行 hash 方法,打印情況裡面是沒有的
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *modelA = [Model new];
Model *modelB = [Model new];
if ([modelA isEqual:modelB]) {
NSLog(@"YES");
} else {
NSLog(@"NO");
}
}
@end

4. 用 NSMutableSet 添加對象,這時候會執行hash方法,至於為何會執行2回_(:з」∠)_ ?
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
NSMutableSet *set = [NSMutableSet set];
[set addObject:model];
}
@end

5. 用NSMutableArray 添加對象測試一下,發現不會執行 hash 方法
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
[array addObject:model];
}
@end

6. 用作NSMutableDictionary 中的object 時,hash 方法不會執行
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[dictionary setObject:model forKey:@"A"];
[dictionary objectForKey:@"A"];
}
@end

7.用作NSMutableDictionary 中的key 時,hash 方法執行了,不過崩潰了,因為 Model 類沒有實現 NSCopying 協議
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[dictionary setObject:@"A" forKey:model];
}
@end

8. NSSet 在初始化的時候添加了 model 並不會讓 model 執行 hash 方法
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithObjects:model, nil];
if ([[set anyObject] isEqual:model]) {
NSLog(@"A");
}
set = nil;
}
@end

9. 在創建不可變數組時,model 作為 key 會執行 hash 方法,但同樣會崩潰,因為 Model 類沒有實現 NSCopying 協議
//
// ViewController.m
// Hash
//
// Created by YouXianMing on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 YouXianMing. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Model.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Model *model = [Model new];
NSDictionary *dictionary = @{model : @"A"};
dictionary = nil;
}
@end

總結
一個對象在用作key值時,其 hash 方法會被調用,用以生成一個唯一標識符,NSDictionary 需要根據唯一 key 值(根據 hash 算法生成的值)查找對象, NSSet 需要根據 hash 值來確保過濾掉重復的對象。